D. Right – a positive control allows us to check whether the measured parameter can indeed be measured. In this case, we demonstrated that our antibodies are capable of recognizing the proton pump, as is evident by the single band of the expected size (56.1 kDa) seen in this lane. Had we not seen a band in lane 2, we wouldn’t be able to deduce that the band in lane 3 is the proton pump recognised by our primary antibody.

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